Orbital cellulitis is a diffuse progressing acute inflammatory process accompanied by infiltration and purulent melting of orbit tissue. The disease may develop in any age, but more frequently children of 4-5 years old and young people of working age suffer from it. In children orbital cellulitis is preceded by acute respiratory disease, in adults – trauma, chronic and acute inflammation of pneumatic space, mouth cavity, sepsis.

    Development of acute inflammations of orbit and their complications is provided by anatomic and topographic peculiarities of an orbit, such as neighbouring cranial cavity and sinuses, connection of arteries with systems of external and internal carotid artery arteries, absence of valves in orbit veins. Orbital cellulitis may cause intracranial complications and endangers not only an eye, but patient’s life also. All these factors set certain requirements for a modern diagnostics in order to choose adequate treatment. Efficiency of treatment depends on adequate evaluation of a pathological process, specifying its localization, detecting of necrotic decay presence. Solving of this question is impossible without application of modern visualizing diagnostic methods. Along with traditional methods of investigation (analysis of anamnestic data, order of clinical symptoms appearance, laboratory and functional tests), ultrasound, computed tomography and recently appeared NLS-diagnostics method allow to set a diagnosis on an early stage, which ensures choosing of proper treatment.

    In recent years many new technologies were developed and then introduced into practical ophthalmology. NLS-study with biophilia nls is becoming a leader of screening diagnostics among various methods of visualization thanks to a number of aspects (simplicity, availability, informativity, safety, absence of ionizing radiation and affordability). It was found that NLS-picture of orbital cellulitis at ultramicroscanning is characterized by asymmetry and dilation of retrobulbar space, changing of its structure and chromogeneity. However many important aspects of this issue are still unsolved: possibilities of three-dimensional NLS-study, ultramicrocscanning in combination with spectral-entropic analysis (SEA) of an orbit in diagnostics of the disease are not researched; information about application of combined NLS-graphy in evaluation of orbital cellulitis clinical course and treatment efficiency is missing. Thus study of this problem must be considered essential.