Lymphomas are primary tumors of lymphatic system which are divided into two basic groups: Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas. Lymphomas are related to tumors of immune system and grow, as a rule, from a tissue of lymph nodes.

Lymphomas comprise 1% to 4% among all revealed for the first time malignant tumors. Hodgkin disease is diagnosed in 25%–40% of cases of all malignant lymphomas.

For the last years increasing of lymphomas number in persons with immune insufficiency after organs transplantation and in patients with collagen diseases is noted. The quantity of AIDS-associated lymphomas and lymphomas in persons carrying Epstein-Barr virus has increased as well.

In a structure of extranodal affections at lymphomas a leading place is occupied by lungs affections. Occurrence frequency of pulmonary tissue affections at malignant lymphomas is from 0.5% to 40%.

Lungs affections at Hodgkin disease are often accompanied by intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and are of secondary character. The isolated affection of a pulmonary tissue without intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, as a rule, is detected at non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Primary lymphomas of lungs are registered rarely. The majority of similar tumors now are related to B-cellular non-Hodgkin lymphomas. They are primary extranodal lymphomas of low malignancy and are called MALT-lymphomas. MALT-lymphomas are up to 70 % of all primary lymphomas of lungs.

Secondary affection of lungs at lymphomas develops by hematogenic way or due to direct distribution from mediastinum or lungs lymph nodes on contact.

Often lungs are involved in the process at illness relapses.

Revealing of pulmonary tissue affections at malignant lymphomas essentially influences choosing of adequate medical tactics and the disease forecast.

In diagnostics of various malignant lymphomas medics apply both traditional radiological studies, which allow to reveal enlarged intrachest lymph nodes, changes of a pulmonary tissue and pleura, and modern highly technological and more informative methods of research, such as computer tomography (CТ) and computer nonlinear diagnostics (NLS) with Bioplasm-NLS which allow to evaluate prevalence of a pathological process precisely. Data obtained from various researches gives the chance to diagnose, select the most effective treatment in due time that can promote increase of duration and quality of life.