Voltage is a very important part of the ion detox foot spa's effectiveness. Firstly, we need to know that according to The Bohr Model of atomic physics, at least 13.6 Volts needs to be applied to the water to allow for electron jump in the hydrogen atom (released negative ions). Also, it is important to maintain a voltage way above this minimum to create a level of ionization that allows for saturation to occur. Low power levels can produce ionization, but these released ions will recombine as fast as they are produced. Creation of them faster than they recombine is essential; you need a regulating and adjustable source of power. Conversely, providing too much power to the bath can create a tunneling effect in which the flow overcomes the amount of alloy plate surface available and the overall electrolysis effect lowers.